Dr. Gallo And The Band Played On Essay - 2087 Words

And the Band Played On surprised me with its intricate character development. I found myself becoming attached to characters and heartbroken as I found they had contracted the HIV virus and made me root for research to find a vaccine or cure. Out of the characters presented in the film, I decided to focus on two main ones: Dr. Robert Gallo and Dr. Don Francis. These two characters stood out because they were so contrasting to one another. I also felt myself becoming angry at these characters and some of the decisions they decided to make. In summation, I will analyze these characters and determine which actions I believe were right and which were wrong in helping advance the research of AIDS in relation to the movie And the Band Played On. Even though the character Robert Gallo appears later in the film, he plays a significant and frustrating role in ‘And the Band Played On’. Dr. Gallo is a well-known scientist who had at the time won many awards for succeeding in the medical field, so many in fact that it seemed as though he started to become a fame-hungry doctor. Instead of doing what was best for humans the only reason he took on researching HIV in the first place was because he was after the Nobel, and he never portrayed that he cared that there were people dying from this horrible disease. They may never have been able to stop the disease in its tracks, but they may have been able to raise awareness faster if it had not have been for Dr. Gallo’s self-centered ways andShow MoreRelatedAnd The Band Played On1723 Words   |  7 Pages And The Band Played On By Randy Shilts And the band played on is a true story published in 1987 that illustrates the AIDS epidemic. The AIDS outbreak started in this book around the 1970’s and is still around in today’s society. Randy Shilts wrote this book in order to show the many errors that occurred and killed while trying to find what this virus was and how it was spread. Many people during this time were affected by this virus especially in New York and San-Francisco, which is where mostRead MoreFilm Critique Paper: and the Band Played on1627 Words   |  7 PagesFilm Critique Paper And the Band Played On The movie is about the first couple years of AIDS, mostly in the United States. It tells the political as well as the scientific struggle that occurred with the discovery of AIDS. The main character Dr. Don Francis heads the research of AIDS with little money and little help. This was because AIDS was considered the â€Å"gay man’s disease† and there was more emphasis on who discovered the disease than actually helping those who had it. Basically, theRead MoreThe Band Played On Film Directed By Roger Spottiswoode848 Words   |  4 Pages And the Band Played On [1] is a 1993 Drama-Television film directed by Roger Spottiswoode about the early research of the AIDS epidemic in the 1980 s. The film portrays how powerful a society s view has on a group when homosexuals suffer prejudice by society and view them as the cause of a new disease. The film greatly focuses on Dr. Don Francis, who previously contained the Ebola fever to prevent it from continuously spreadin g, as he joins the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) to investigateRead More The Importance of Roger Spottiswoode’s Screen Adaptation of And The Band Played On4180 Words   |  17 PagesThe Importance of Roger Spottiswoode’s Screen Adaptation of And The Band Played On [1] Hollywood is no longer just a name, it is a business, a living entity holding America’s people in its grasp, and it is not about to let them go. Gradually taking on more responsibility and trying to build up its reputation over the years, Hollywood has progressively assumed the position of history-teller for the American public. This role, whether or not an appropriate one for an industry such as HollywoodRead MoreApplying Scientific Standards For Aids1433 Words   |  6 PagesThe HIV virus was an example of a rapidly spread virus that quickly made its way across the world, including North America, South America, Europe, Africa, and Australia (http://www.avert.org/professionals/history-hiv-aids/overview). In And the Band Played On, the doctors of The Center for Disease Control do their best to follow scientific standards while trying to deal with the disease, even with the politics of Reagan breathing down their neck. The issues they encounter are like the ideas propos edRead MoreThe, And The Band Played On983 Words   |  4 PagesThe movie, And the Band Played On, illustrates the beginning of the AIDS virus and how it unexpectedly spread across the world. It used the Ebola disease to indicate that there will be another severe disease surfacing. The world was not prepared to handle such a transmissible disease. Doctors globally presumed that the first cases of the HIV virus to be just a deformity of a specific disease. Their negligence of this issue was the beginning of the spread of this AIDS. Throughout the movie, it showsRead MoreThe Movie And The Band Played On955 Words   |  4 Pages AIDS brought on many ethical implications. As research was conducted AIDS became well known. The movie And the Band Played On tells the story of the discovery of HIV and AIDS and the political issues that went along in the scientific community. During the movie it showed how each patient with AIDS were treated like they were not part of the human race. The CD C tried their best to gather enough money for their research. Back then people were uneducated on what exactly the nation was up against.Read MoreThe Band Played On By Randy Shilts1777 Words   |  8 PagesThe film And the band played on is a screen adaption of the book and the band played on by Randy Shilts done by Roger Spottiswoode. This screen adaption is a story of epidemic that had medical researchers scrabbling to understand the horrifying and mysterious new disease of AIDS that sored across the United States of America. This story takes place during the initial 5 years of the breakout from 1980 to 1985. 1. What are the major theme(s) of the film? Hint use the concepts presented in class toRead MoreBureaucracy Has Been Twisted Over The United States Governance876 Words   |  4 Pages Like many words in the English language, bureaucracy has been twisted over the years to mean something different; much like how awful went from meaning â€Å"full of awe† to â€Å"very bad or unpleasant†. In And the Band Played On, we see organizational practices that obstruct progress referred to as â€Å"bureaucratic†, when the official definition refers to a system of governance where state officials make important decisions instead of representatives. A complete switch in how we see our administrationRead MoreFilm And The Band Played On By Director Roger Spottiswoode2238 Words   |  9 Pageshealth: biological, psychological, and sociological factors. These three factors had determined the spread of the disease in the late twentieth century, and they still affect the global distribution of AIDS today. In the documentary-film And the Band Played On (1993), director Roger Spottiswoode effectively showcased all three factors. The film is a chronological sto ry of the AIDS epidemic from the 1980s. The story of the epidemic garners attention when gay men in both the west and east coast of the

Essay on Prejudice and Pride in Pride and Prejudice

Prejudice and Pride in Pride and Prejudice In any literary work the title and introduction make at least some allusion to the important events of the novel. With Pride and Prejudice, Austen takes this convention to the extreme, designing all of the first and some of the second half of the novel after the title and the first sentence. The concepts of pride, prejudice, and universally acknowledged truth (51), as well as the interpretation of those concepts, are the central focus of the novel. They dictate the actions of almost all the major characters (not just Darcy and Elizabeth), and foreshadow all of the major events in the novel, especially in the first few chapters, involving the first ball at Netherfield. While Darcy†¦show more content†¦Proud summarizes the general demeanor of Lady Catherine de Bourgh herself, as she looks upon the world down the length of her nose. Some time we shall be happy to hear [Elizabeth play], she informs Mr. Collins and Darcy. Then she adds, Our instrument is a capable one, probably s uperior to [Elizabeths] (199). Pride assures Elizabeth that her first impressions of Darcy are indisputable. Thus, while only Darcy seems to act as the embodiment of pride, the other characters are not immune to it. Just as the characters unknowingly follow Darcys example of pride, they commit Elizabeths crucial mistake, prejudging people (especially Darcy) according to horribly inadequate experience. Elizabeths positive judgement of Wickham and negative one of Darcy prevent her from seeing Wickhams devious and whimsical nature and Darcys honest efforts to improve despite the apparent lack of incentive. Like Elizabeth, the rest of the Bennets, and indeed the rest of those living in the vicinity of Meryton, believe Darcy to be a wholly disagreeable man. (In fact, he began as such, but even when he began to change, everyone refused to realize it, and maintained their dislike of him because of their previous judgements.) Mrs. Bennet is prejudiced against all other mothers with young daughters, believing them to be just as ambitious and scheming as she herself is. When told that Mrs. Long promised to introduce the Bennet sisters to Bingley, Mrs. Bennet hissesShow MoreRelated Pride and Prejudice Essa y: The Faults of Pride and Prejudice1751 Words   |  8 PagesThe Faults of Pride and Prejudice      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   If we investigate the themes, characters and setting of Jane Austens Pride and Prejudice in an effort to find faults of logic, we must first recognize that the entire work is a fault of logic because Austens world is a microcosm of one level of society, a level wherein everything and everyone turns out kindly, whether they be heroes or villains, rich or poor, or proud or prejudice.   This is because unlike conventional romantic novels, like WutheringRead More Pride and Prejudice Essay3860 Words   |  16 PagesPride and Prejudice The novel Pride and Prejudice written by Jane Austen was originally to be called First Impressions. Hence the ultimate aim of this essay is to identify how successful this novel is in giving ‘First Impressions’ of the characters. The focus of this essay is on the opening chapters of the novel as this is where we are first introduced to the characters. ‘It is a truth universally acknowledged that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wifeRead MorePride And Prejudice Essay1808 Words   |  8 PagesResearch Essay Introduction Pride refers to a deep and consistent feeling of satisfaction of one’s possession, class and achievements. Pride as a theme has been developed in the novel pride and prejudice by Jane Austen. Characters can claim better treatment and status in the society and also relationships based on their family possessions as well as exploits. Mr. Bennett daughters are also proud because they are beautiful which gives them the audacity to boast to men who want their hand in marriageRead MorePride And Prejudice Essay1680 Words   |  7 PagesAusten’s bildungsroman novel Pride and Prejudice (1819), set in Regency England, and Fay Weldon’s epistolary novel Letters to Alice on First Reading Jane Austen (1984) placed in Postmodern England. Both texts emphasise the importance of compatibility in relationships and women’s identity in a patriarchal society. Weldon’s discussion of Austen’s context allows a deeper understanding of relationships and identity with in different eras to emerge. This comparative essay will focus on the way each authorRead More Pride And Prejudice Essay1066 Words   |  5 Pages Pride and Prejudice: Marriage Essay written by Maria Engstrom Introduction For this essay, I chose to read the perhaps most famous book by the English author Jane Austen. During the reading I was thinking about which theme I should choose to write about and analyze, and eventually I felt that marriage was the central keyword in the book. I will concentrate on the situation of the daughters in the family, since these are the best described in the novel. My dealing with different ideals and problemsRead MorePride And Prejudice Essay1724 Words   |  7 Pages In Pride and prejudice I have came to the conclusion that there are many characters and all play a very good role. Here is a brief down low on what Ive collected. First starting with The Bennet’s consisting of Mr and Mrs Bennet and their five daughters Jane, Elizabeth, Mary, Kitty and Lydia. Mr. And Mrs. Bennett, This husband and wife duo are a humorous couple due to Mrs Bennet’s simplicity coupled by Mr Bennet’s dry humor and wit. Mrs Bennet is a simply easy woman who dedicates her attentionRead MoreEssay on Pride and Prejudice1080 Words   |  5 PagesRough Draft 4. Compare and Contrast Elizabeth, Jane, and Lydia. Which one do you think will have the happiest marriage? Why? The concept of love is developed and endured throughout an healthy relationship in Jane Austen’s novel, Pride and Prejudice. She successfully incorporates different examples of marriage in nineteenth century and distinguishes the perfect marriage from the hopeless marriage. The definition of authentic love is caring for someone unconditionally. It means putting someoneRead MorePride and Prejudice - Analytical Essay1023 Words   |  5 PagesAnalytical Essay: Pride Prejudice The progress between Elizabeth’s and Darcy’s relationship, in Jane Austen’s novel Pride and Prejudice (1813) illustrates and explores several the key themes in the novel. Their relationship highlights class expectations, pride and prejudice, and marriage, and how they play a major role in determining the course of their association. These are outlined through their first prejudiced dislike of each other when they first meet, the stronger feelings for ElizabethRead MorePride And Prejudice Essay1715 Words   |  7 Pagesnovel ‘Pride and Prejudice’ addresses many themes and motifs, but one of the more prevalent is pride itself, which Austen expertly weaved throughout, showing the effects it has on both the perpetrator’s lives and the lives of those around them. This theme of pride relates to the time period the novel was written in, which was the Regency era, where the class system was deemed of significant importance and particular traits of th e gentry were considered necessary, including an extent of pride. AustenRead MorePride And Prejudice Essay1986 Words   |  8 PagesIn the novel Pride and Prejudice, Jane Austen highlights societal marriage expectations in the Regency Era. Elizabeth Bennet, the intelligent and good-natured heroine, is proposed to by two contrasting characters: Fitzwilliam Darcy and William Collins. Mr Darcy is a rich and powerful man, from a respected family, who eventually becomes the romantic hero of the novel. Mr Collins is the cousin of Elizabeth and a man of the church; he is to inherit The Bennet estate when Elizabeth’s father dies, unfortunately

Law and Compliance Related with the Restaurant Business in Sydney

Questions: 1. Discuss the law and compliance related with the restaurant business in Sydney. 2. Discuss the issue arises regarding the remedies that may be available to Manny and Bella against Tuscan Ovens Pvt Ltd. Answers: Part A In the present researchers say, the areas of law and compliance related with the restaurant business that the family is running in Sydney have been explored. In this context, the major areas of law that the restaurant business is required to comply with include the registration of the name of the business, the consumer protection legislation, property laws, health and safety laws and regulations and the employment law. Therefore, the family that is running this trend in Sydney wants to name it the Great Catch! But the law of intellectual property provides that the name needs to be registered with the ASIC. According to the law, the parties are required to register the business name or the trading name in case it has been decided by a party that the business will be run as a sole trader or as a partnership. Therefore, under the circumstances, it is required that the business name should be registered with the ASIC. But it needs to be noted that if the business name is similar to the f irst name and surname of its owners or one of the partners, the registration of the business name is not required. In all other cases, the intellectual property law requires that the name should be registered. An example can be given to clear this requirement. For example if John Smith is going to name his business as John Smith Jewelry, there is no need for the registration of this name. But if the name of the business is going to be John's Jewelry, the law requires that such name should be registered (Vickery and Flood 2009). The other laws that may be applicable in this case will be the property law and the taxation law. For example, the restaurant business is required to take care of its GST obligations and PAYG. Similarly, as in this case the business is being done as a sole trader or as a partnership, it is very important that before the business becomes operational, and makes financial commitments, it is important that a written contract should be drafted. Property law is also applicable in the present case. As the restaurant will be running in Sydney in accordance with the Retail Shop Lease Act, 1994, the requirements of this legislation need to be fulfilled. At the same time, before signing the lease, the parties should gain proper understanding of the terms and conditions that have been mentioned in the lease. This will allow the parties to become aware of their obligations related with the lease that they are going to sign. On the other hand, if the parties are going to operate home business, it is possible that the local council may have imposed certain restrictions, for example restrictions on the number of persons that can be allowed to work at such a place. Therefore, the owners of the restaurant should be aware of these legal requirements related with property law. Another field of law and compliance is that of intellectual property. In the present case, the restaurant business should also try to protect its intellectual property. This will provide them with legal entitlement on their intellectual property. For the purpose of protecting this property, trademarks, patents and the designs are used by the businesses. Therefore, these can also be used the restaurant business. For example, it can protect a particular dish that has been invented by it or a new way to prepare a dish. Similarly the businesses should also regularly review and is required, renew the protection provided to their intellectual property. The law of intellectual property provides that the trademarks should be renewed after every 10 years. It is also advisable that experts should be involved in this process because the protection of intellectual property is a complex matter. Another important field is that of consumer protection. The Australian Consumer Law that has been mentioned in the Competition and Consumer Act, 2010 is the national law and has replaced the earlier legislation, the Trade Practices Act, 1974. Now this legislation is applicable throughout Australia and as a result, same rights are available to the consumers in all States and Territories of Australia and similarly, the obligations of businesses related with consumer protection are also the same throughout Australia. The main features of Australian consumer law are that it prohibits unfair trade practices, and it provides the general standard of conduct that is expected from the businesses (Khoury and Yamouni, 2006). The ACL also regulates business to consumer transactions and similarly, it provides statutory guarantees to the consumers that cannot be excluded by the parties to the contract. The ACL also deals with the safety issue of the products and services that are being supplied to the consumers. In view of these significant provisions as well as the penalties and intentions that can be imposed on the businesses, it displays important that a business is aware of its obligations under the ACL (Concrete Constructions (NSW) Pty Ltd v Nelson, 1990). In this case, the parties want to name the restaurant as the Great Catch! This is not the name and the surname of the owner or any of the partners of the business and as a result, this name needs to be registered. Apart from it, the owners of the business should consider all the legal requirements that are applicable in case of establishing the new business. On the other hand, if the owners of the business failed to abide by these legal requirements, it is possible that they may have to pay serious penalties. The present research has clearly shown that there are a number of laws and regulations that are applicable on the restaurant business. The requirement related with business structure is also one such requirement (Hinchy and Mcdermott, 2007). It is very significant that the registration regarding the business structure is up-to-date. For example, there is a requirement according to which the business name has to be renewed whenever it is due to do so. But if the parties have deci ded to run the restaurant business as a company, the Corporations Act, 2001 describes detailed requirements in such a case. Part B In this part of the assignment, the issue arises regarding the remedies that may be available to Manny and Bella against Tuscan Ovens Pvt Ltd. the reason behind this issue is that Manny and Bella were willing to purchase a heavy-duty oven. For this purpose, they visited Tuscan Ovens Pty Ltd and they wanted to purchase an oven that can cook 30 pizzas and similarly, they also wanted that the oven can be operated continuously for 16 hours every day. When they visited the company, they told the manager of the company regarding their requirements. They also told that if the oven cannot fulfill these requirements, they will lose customers, especially during peak hours of their business. The manager listened to the requirements of Manny and Bella and they recommended that they should buy their new Tuscan XX commercial oven. The manager assured Manny and Bella that this oven is suitable for their requirements and he can cook 30 pizzas and can be operated for longer hours. In this way, Manny and Bella relied on this statement made by the manager of the company and purchased the oven for $15,000. However, soon Manny and Bella discovered that only 12 pizzas can be cooked in the oven in an hour and moreover the open was not reliable and it cannot be operated continuously for longer hours daily. Due to these problems, the pizza business owned by Manny and Bella was losing money but Tuscan Ovens was not ready to hear the complaints related with the oven. As a result, the issue arises if Manny and Bella can take legal action against the company and if any remedies are available to them under these circumstances. In this context, the Australian consumer law provides that a part from the common law remedies under the law contract regarding the pre-contractual misrepresentations, the parties may also avail the statutory remedies that are provided by the ACL, which is a part of Competition and Consumer Act, 2010. Before this legislation, the relevant provisions were present in the Trade Practices Act, 1974. But after the introduction of Australian consumer law, it is being used more commonly (Larmer v Power Machinery Pty Ltd., 1977). The reason is that the ACL is applicable in a large number of circumstances and at the same time, the ACL also provides remedies that may be available to a party in case such party has suffered the loss by relying on the misrepresentation that has been made by the other party. The relevant provision in this regard the section 18 which prohibits misleading and deceptive conduct in context of trade and commerce. Section 18 is present in Schedule 2, Competition and Consumer Act. In the past, these provisions were mentioned in section 52, Trade Practices Act. Due to this reason, most of the case law regarding misleading and deceptive conduct still refers to this section (Bank of NSW v The Commonwealth, 1948). But section 18 of the ACL provides in this regard that context of trade and commerce, a person should not be involved in misleading or deceptive conduct or in conduct that may mislead or deceive the other party (OBrien v Smolonogov, 1983). Due to the reason that the act has mentioned the trade and commerce, it is clear that the sales that are private in nature, are not covered by this section but it also needs to mention that the provisions of section making toward nearly all commercial activity. In this way, when it has been established that the provisio ns of section 18 have been breached and the conduct of one party is misleading or deceptive, the law provides a wide range of remedies to the other party which include damages and the avoidance of contract (Tomasic and Bottomely, 1995). In the present case also, it has to be considered if the provisions of section 18 have been breached and if the pre-contractual representation that has been made by the manager of the company can be treated as misleading or deceptive. When Manny and Bella had visited the store of the company, they had clearly told that they wanted and oven that was capable of cooking at least 30 pizzas in one hour otherwise they will suffer the loss because they will be losing customers during the peak hours. In the same way, they also wanted that the oven should be reliable and it can be operated for 16 hours regularly. However after Manny and Bella had purchased the oven, they discovered that only 12 pizzas can be cooked in it in one hour. Moreover it was also found that the oven was unreliable and it cannot be operated for longer hours regularly. However, before purchasing the oven, Manny and Bella had relied on the representation made by the manager of the company regarding its capacity and relia bility. As the transaction was in context of trade and commerce, it can be said that the provisions of section 18 are applicable to this case. In this context, the law provides that the contracts that have been entered into by a party due to the misleading or deceptive conduct of the other party; the main remedy available to such party is the remedy of damages. Although the law also provides that an invention can be granted by the court and it is more significant relief in case of a breach of the provisions of section 18, however, practically such relief is not of much use under these circumstances as the parties have already entered into the contract by relying upon the misleading or deceptive conduct. As a result in this case also, damages can be claimed by Manny and Bella from Tuscan Ovens Pty Ltd as they have suffered a loss due to the fact that oven was not of the required capacity and moreover it was unreliable to which they lost customers. References Khoury and Yamouni, 2006, Understanding Contract Law, 7th ed., Butterworths Lexis Nexis Roger Vickery and MaryAnne Flood 2009, Australian Business Law: Compliance and Practice, Pearson Education Australia Russell Hinchy and Peter Mcdermott, 2007, Fundamental company legislation, edited, Sir Gordon Borrie, QC, LLM Commercial law 6th edition Tomasic and Bottomely, 1995, Corporations Law in Australia, (Australia: The Federation Press) Case Law Bank of NSW v The Commonwealth [(1948) 76 CLR 1 Concrete Constructions (NSW) Pty Ltd v Nelson (1990) 169 CLR 594 Larmer v Power Machinery Pty Ltd (1977) 29 FLR 490 OBrien v Smolonogov (1983) 53 ALR 107.

Preoperative education and postoperative pain scores in the paediatric patients

Table of Contents Introduction Data collection Methods Measurement tool Method of Data Analysis Evaluation Methods Annotated bibliography References Introduction According to Gehdoo (2004), medical practitioners have historically undertreated children for pain and painful procedures on the assumption that they do not feel the pain or that they forget the painful experiences faster than adults do. Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Preoperative education and postoperative pain scores in the paediatric patients specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Gehdoo (2004) further adds that it is absolutely necessary for children to be given an effective pain therapy before and after surgery and as such, it has become an integral part of paediatric practice. The research will seek to find out if preoperative education does in fact decrease postoperative pain scores in paediatric patients. Data collection Methods Like in social s ciences, medicine employs the use of simple data collection methods like direct interviews. The basic collection methods in medicine are the interviews and conversations doctors carry out with their patients. Triangulation is also valuable in medical research but considering the age of the patients and the subtlety of the research, its not very applicable (Abramson et al, 1999). In this case, data will be collected from children on all trials that are conducted with them during their pre and post counselling sessions. Most important here will be the collection of data using the â€Å"cold probe† technique. This will involve collecting data during the first session that paediatric surgeons will have with the patients. The first session when the cold probe is conducted is good because the child will be fresh from surgery hence easier for behaviour analysis to determine if preoperative education did help. Measurement tool Multiple-choice questions will be used in this case. No rman (2002) contends that multiple-choice questions in medical research help in allowing straightforward sampling of the subject under research. The questions will help researchers to fairly and evenly distribute their probe thought the subject under study. They are also efficient in terms of cost and time. Given that patients will have mixed feelings, multiple-choice questions are better placed to capture all data in totality. Norman (2002) adds that they maximize the information attained per unit time in research. Again, the questions are more engaging and will make it easier for patients to express themselves on the subject being discussed.Advertising Looking for essay on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Method of Data Analysis Descriptive statistics will be used in this research. According to Lang Secic (2006), descriptive statistics are useful because they help in reducing large amounts of data to small descriptive measures. The experiences that these children will go through will be captured through interviews structured to bring out the descriptive element. Though inferential statics may come in handy, their absolute necessity is diminished by the nature of the research. Summary that is guaranteed from descriptive statistics will especially precision in reporting the findings. Evaluation Methods According to Swanwick (2007), evaluation in medicine is the collection analysis and interpretation of information about any aspect in medicine. In this kind of research, Kirkpatrick’s Hierarchy and Evaluation Cycle methods come in handy. However, the evaluation cycle method will be used. The method suits this research since it is all encompassing starting with planning of the activity, preparation, teaching and learning of the activity and most importantly reflection and analysis. However, the Kirkpatrick method may be used as well in analysing this data if necessary. This is b ecause it takes to account the completion of learning or participation of a patient in a program which applies to this research. Its use will be limited though. Annotated bibliography Morton, N.S. (2005). Management of postoperative pain in children. Arch Dis Child Educ Pract Ed 2007; vol. 92:ep14-ep19. Morton outlines various principles that he believes if followed will help in reducing preoperative pan in children. According to him, medical practitioners need to recognise that children feel pain during surgery hence they need to put in place measure to minimise and moderate it. According to him, doctors need to prevent pain where it is predictable, control the pain and continue controlling it even after discharge from hospital.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Preoperative education and postoperative pain scores in the paediatric patients specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More On a larger scale, some of the approache s he recommends in reducing preoperative pain in children. Individualised child centre approach, using the least invasive techniques for he anticipated level of pain, matching technique complexity of surgery and holistic care of emotional and physical attributes of pain. Some of the techniques he advises be used in pre and postoperative pan management include local and regional anaesthesia, systemic analgesia non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and the use of paracetamol. He concludes that an integrated use of the above methods and principles in the past has proven successful in reducing pain in paediatric surgery. References Abramson, H.J. (1999). Abramson Survey methods in community medicine: epidemiological research, programme Evaluation Clinical Trials. London: Elsevier Limited. Gehdoo, R. P. (2004) Postoperative pain management in Pediatric patients. Indian J. Anaesth. 2004; 48 (5) :406-414 Lang, A.T. Secic, M. (2006). How to report statistics in medicine: annotated guideli nes for authors. New York: Tom Hartman. Norman, R.G. (2006). International handbook of research in medical education. London: Kluwer Academic Publishers. Morton, N.S. (2005). Management of postoperative pain in children. Arch Dis ChildAdvertising Looking for essay on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Educ Pract Ed 2007; vol. 92:ep14-ep19. Swanwick, T. (2007). Understanding Medical Education: Evidence, Theory and Practice. Oxford UK:  John Wiley Sons. This essay on Preoperative education and postoperative pain scores in the paediatric patients was written and submitted by user Levi Noel to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.